默认路由：

match '/:controller(/:action(/:id))'

正则路由：

match 'products/:id', :to => 'catalog#view'

命名路由：

match 'logout', :to => 'sessions#destroy', :as => 'logout'

根路由：

root :to => 'welcome#show'

路由简写技巧：

:to 键的省略:

match 'account' => 'account#index'

相当于：

match 'account', :to => 'account#index'  
match 'info' => 'projects#info', :as => 'info'

注意： :as 在rails3中是改变 helper， 在rails2中是改变 path
当路径和控制器(及action)一至时，可省略指派控制器部分

match 'account/overview'

相当于：

match 'account/overview', :to => 'account#overview'

Verb路由:

当需要限制http请求方法的时候通过键 :via ，也可以直接把方法写在最前面：

get 'account/overview'

相当于：

match 'account/overview', :via => 'get'  
match 'account/setup', :via => [:get, :post]  
# 支持get\post\put\delete四种HTTP方法

resources路由：

resources :posts, :except => [:index]  
resources :posts, :only => [:new, :create]  
edit_post GET /posts/:id/modify(.:format) {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"edit"}  
resources :posts, :path_names => { :edit => 'modify' }   

resources :projects do  
  resources :tasks, :people  
end  

resources :products do  
  collection do  
    get  :sold  
    post :on_offer, :search  
  end  
  get :buy, :on => :member  
  post :batch, :on => :collection  
end  

resource :session do  
  get :create  
end

:shallow用法：

Rails3中的shallow用法与Rails2中一致

resources :blogs, :shallow => true do  
  resources :comments  
end

使用:shallow前后相同部分：

blog_comments GET /blogs/:blog_id/comments(.:format) {:controller=>"comments", :action=>"index"}
blog_comments POST /blogs/:blog_id/comments(.:format) {:controller=>"comments", :action=>"create"}
new_blog_comment GET	/blogs/:blog_id/comments/new(.:format) {:controller=>"comments", :action=>"new"}
blogs GET /blogs(.:format) {:controller=>"blogs", :action=>"index"}
blogs POST /blogs(.:format) {:controller=>"blogs", :action=>"create"}
new_blog GET /blogs/new(.:format) {:controller=>"blogs", :action=>"new"}
edit_blog GET /blogs/:id/edit(.:format) {:controller=>"blogs", :action=>"edit"}
blog GET /blogs/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"blogs", :action=>"show"}
blog PUT /blogs/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"blogs", :action=>"update"}
blog DELETE /blogs/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"blogs", :action=>"destroy"}

使用:shallow前后不同部分：

不使用shallow选项：

edit_blog_comment GET /blogs/:blog_id/comments/:id/edit(.:format) {:controller=>"comments", :action=>"edit"}
blog_comment GET /blogs/:blog_id/comments/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"comments", :action=>"show"}
blog_comment PUT /blogs/:blog_id/comments/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"comments", :action=>"update"}
blog_comment DELETE /blogs/:blog_id/comments/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"comments", :action=>"destroy"}

使用shallow选项后：

edit_comment GET /comments/:id/edit(.:format) {:controller=>"comments", :action=>"edit"}
comment GET /comments/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"comments", :action=>"show"}
comment PUT /comments/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"comments", :action=>"update"}
comment DELETE /comments/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"comments", :action=>"destroy"}

可以看出使用shallow选项后，对于已经存在的资源使用简化方式操作，具体行为涉及到 edit\show\update\destroy 四种 另外，shallow选项的有效范围是对自身及嵌套的资源都有效，如下面这个例子：

resources :publishers do  
  resources :magazines do  
    resources :albums, :shallow => true do  
      resources :photos do  
        resources :images  
      end  
    end  
  end  
end

这个例子中 albums、photos、images 都会使用简化方式，而 magazines 不会。特别注意：这种嵌套方式极不推荐，一般嵌套的层级最好不要超过一级

scope路由

:path 改变Path，:module 改变Controller, :name_prefix || :as 改变 helper

scope 'admin' do  
  resources :posts  
end

相当于：

scope :path => 'admin' do  
  resources :posts  
end

生成路由：

posts GET /admin/posts(.:format) {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"index"}
posts POST /admin/posts(.:format) {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"create"}
new_post GET /admin/posts/new(.:format) {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"new"}
edit_post GET /admin/posts/:id/edit(.:format) {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"edit"}
post GET /admin/posts/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"show"}
post PUT /admin/posts/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"update"}
post DELETE /admin/posts/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"destroy"}

scope :module => 'admin' do  
  resources :posts  
end

相当于：

resources :posts, :module => 'admin'

生成路由：

posts GET /posts(.:format) {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"index"}
posts POST /posts(.:format) {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"create"}
new_post GET /posts/new(.:format) {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"new"}
edit_post GET /posts/:id/edit(.:format) {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"edit"}
post GET /posts/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"show"}
post PUT /posts/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"update"}
post DELETE /posts/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"destroy"}

scope :name_prefix => 'admin' do  
  resources :posts  
end

相当于：

 resources :posts, :name_prefix => 'admin'

生成路由：

admin_posts GET /posts(.:format) {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"index"}
admin_posts POST /posts(.:format) {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"create"}
new_admin_post GET /posts/new(.:format) {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"new"}
edit_admin_post GET /posts/:id/edit(.:format) {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"edit"}
admin_post GET /posts/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"show"}
admin_post PUT /posts/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"update"}
admin_post DELETE /posts/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"destroy"}

scope 'admin', :module => 'admin', :name_prefix => 'admin' do  
  resources :posts  
end

相当于：

namespace 'admin' do   
  resources :posts  
end

生成路由：

admin_posts GET /admin/posts(.:format) {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"index"}
admin_posts POST /admin/posts(.:format) {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"create"}
new_admin_post GET /admin/posts/new(.:format) {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"new"}
edit_admin_post GET /admin/posts/:id/edit(.:format) {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"edit"}
admin_post GET	/admin/posts/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"show"}
admin_post PUT	/admin/posts/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"update"}
admin_post DELETE /admin/posts/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"destroy"}

在路由中定义跳转：

match "/posts/github" => redirect("http://github.com/rails.atom")  
# 地址 /foo/1 会自动跳转到 /bar/1s  
match "/foo/:id", :to => redirect("/bar/%{id}s")    
# /account/proc/inosin 会自动跳转到 /inosins  
match 'account/proc/:name', :to => redirect {|params|   
# "/#{params[:name].pluralize}" }  
match "/stories" => redirect {|p, req| "/posts/#{req.subdomain}" }

路由中的限制：

限制 id 只能为数字
match "/posts/show/:id", :to => "posts#index", :id => /\d+/  
match "/posts/show/:id", :to => "posts#index", :constraints => {:id => /\d+/}
限制子域名
match "photos", :constraints => {:subdomain => "admin"}
限制访问者 IP
constraints(:ip => /127.0.0.1/) do  
  match  '/questions', :to => redirect("http://www.stackoverflow.com/")  
end
当访问者 ip 是 192.168.1.* 的来访者访问 子域名为 “test”
match "/ttt" => proc{|env| [200, {}, ["hello test"]]}, :constraints => {:subdomain => "test", :ip => /192.168.1.\d+/
  }

路由通配符：

resources :photos, :id => /\d+/  
match 'photos/*other' => 'photos#unknown'
上面这两行路由则会把不符合7种path的其他url全部解析到PhotoController#unknown中去处理，params[:other]可得到path中/photos/之后的部分，注意这两行的顺序不能颠倒
match 'books/*section/:title' => 'books#show'

例如：books/some/section/last-words-a-memoir 中

params[:section] = "some/section", 
params[:title] = "last-words-a-memoir".  
match '*a/foo/*b' => 'test#index'

例如：zoo/woo/foo/bar/baz 中 params[:a] = “zoo/woo”, params[:b] = “bar/baz”

# Rack: 

match "/foo", :to => proc {|env| [200, {}, ["Hello world"]] }  
match 'rocketeer.js' => ::TestRoutingMapper::RocketeerApp  
RocketeerApp = lambda { |env| 
  [200, {"Content-Type" => "text/html"}, ["javascripts"]]  
}

参考文档：

http://www.engineyard.com/blog/2010/the-lowdown-on-routes-in-rails-3/
http://www.railsdispatch.com/posts/rails-routing
http://guides.rails.info/routing.html
http://asciicasts.com/episodes/203-routing-in-rails-3
http://asciicasts.com/episodes/231-routing-walkthrough
http://asciicasts.com/episodes/232-routing-walkthrough-part-2